01 - Set oven to 400°F or prepare air fryer at 400°F.
02 - Bring 6 cups water to a boil in a large pot. Add 1 tsp salt and pasta. Boil until just al dente, approximately 2 minutes less than package instructions. Drain and rinse under cold water to halt cooking.
03 - In a mixing bowl, combine cooked pasta with olive oil, chili flakes, garlic powder, smoked paprika, lemon zest, black pepper, ½ cup Parmesan cheese, and sea salt. Toss thoroughly to coat evenly.
04 - Spread pasta in a single layer on a parchment-lined baking sheet or place in the air fryer basket without overcrowding.
05 - Bake in the oven for 18 to 22 minutes or air fry for 10 to 12 minutes, shaking or stirring halfway through, until golden and crisp.
06 - Immediately sprinkle remaining Parmesan cheese over the hot pasta chips. Allow to cool for 5 minutes.
07 - Top with chopped fresh parsley and serve with lemon wedges for squeezing.